In the late 16th century there
was a rapid development in the field of lace. There was an openwork fabric
where combinations of open spaces and dense textures form designs. These forms
of lace were dominant in both fashion as well as home décor during the late
1500s. For enhancing the beauty of collars and cuffs, needle lace was
embroidered with loops and picots.[2]
Objects resembling lace bobbins
have been found in Roman remains, but there are no records of Roman
lace-making. Lace was used by clergy of the early Catholic Church as part of
vestments in religious ceremonies, but did not come into widespread use until
the 16th century in northwestern part of the European continent.[3] The popularity of lace increased rapidly and
the cottage industry of lace making spread throughout Europe. Countries like Italy, France, Belgium, Germany (then Holy
Roman Empire), Czech
Republic (town of Vamberk), Slovenia (town of Idrija), Finland(town of Rauma) England
(town of Honiton), Hungary, Ireland, Malta, Russia, Spain, Turkey and others all have established heritage
expressed through lace.[2]
In North America in the 19th
century, lace making was spread to the Native American tribes through missionaries.[4]
St. John Francis Regis helped
many country girls stay away from the cities by establishing them in the
lacemaking and embroidery trade, which is why he became the Patron
Saint of
lace-making.[citation needed] In 1837, Samuel Ferguson first used jacquard
looms with Heathcoat’s bobbin net machine, resulting in endless possibilities
for lace designs.[2]
Traditionally, lace was used to
make tablecloths and doilies and in both men's and women's clothing. The English
diarist Samuel
Pepys often
wrote about the lace used for his, his wife's, and his acquaintances' clothing,
and on May 7, 1669 noted that he intended to remove the gold lace from the
sleeves of his coat "as it is fit [he] should", possibly in order to
avoid charges of ostentatious living.[5]
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